؟ ASTM ماهي تصنيفات
تحدد ستندرات ASTM عملية التصنيع المحددة للمادة وتحدد التركيب الكيميائي الدقيق للأنابيب والتجهيزات والفلنجات ، من خلال النسب المئوية للكميات المسموح بها من الكربون والمغنيسيوم والنيكل ، وما إلى ذلك ، ويتم الإشارة إليها بـ “التصنيف”.
على سبيل المثال ، يمكن تحديد أنبوب من الصلب الكربوني بالتصنيف A أو B ، وأنبوب من الفولاذ المقاوم للصدأ بالتصنيف TP304 أو التصنيف TP321 ، وتركيب من الصلب الكربوني مع تصنيف WPB ، إلخ.
ستجد أدناه كمثال 3 جداول تحتوي على متطلبات كيميائية لـ:
ASTM A182 Grade F304, F304L F316L : فلنجات وفقاَ لـ
ASTM A312 Grade TP304, TP304L, TP3016L: أنابيب وفقاَ لـ
ASTM A403 Grade WP304, WP304L, WP316L: اكسسوارات وفقاَ لـ
علاوة على ذلك ، جدول مع تصنيفات ASTM المستخدمة بشكل متكرر ، مرتبة على الأنابيب ، والاكسسوارات ، والفلنجات ، والصمامات ، والمسامير والصواميل ، والتي تنتمي معًا كمجموعة.
كما قد تلاحظ ، في الجدول أدناه ، لا يوجد تصنيف ASTM A105. في بعض الأحيان يتم وصف ASTM A105N ؛
N لا ترمز إلى الدرجة ، ولكن إلى الوضع الطبيعي. التطبيع هو نوع من المعالجة الحرارية ، ينطبق على المعادن الحديدية فقط. الغرض من التطبيع هو إزالة الضغوط الداخلية الناتجة عن المعالجة الحرارية ، الصب ، التشكيل ، إلخ ..
% التركيب الكيميائي
Flanges according to ASTM A182 | ||||||||
Grade | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Ni | Cr | Mo |
F304 | 0.08 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 8 – 11 | 18 – 20 | |
F304L | 0.03 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 8 – 13 | 18 – 20 | |
F316L | 0.03 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 10 – 15 | 16 – 18 | 2 – 3 |
Note: Grades F304, F304L, and F316L shall have a maximum Nitrogen content of 0.10%. |
||||||||
Pipes according to ASTM A312 | ||||||||
Grade | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo |
TP 304 | 0.08 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 18 – 20 | 8 – 11 | |
TP 304L | 0.035 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 18 – 20 | 8 – 13 | |
TP 316L | 0.035 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 16 – 18 | 10 – 14 | 2 – 3 |
Note: For small diameter or thin walls or both, where many drawing passes are required, a Carbon maximum of 0.040% is necessary in grades TP304L and TP316L. Small outside diameter tubes are defined as those less than 0.50 in. [12.7 mm] in outside diameter and light wall tubes as those less than 0.049 in. [1.20 mm] in average wall thickness (0.044 in. [1.10 mm] in minimum wall thickness). |
||||||||
Fittings according to ASTM A403 | ||||||||
Grade | C (1) |
Mn (1) |
P (1) |
S (1) |
Si (1) |
Ni | Cr | Mo |
WP 304 | 0.08 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 8 – 11 | 18 – 20 | |
WP 304L | 0.03 (2) | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 8 – 12 | 18 – 20 | |
WP 316L | 0.03 (2) | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 10 – 14 (3) | 16 – 18 | 2 – 3 |
: ملاحظات
(1) الحد الأقصى ، ما لم يذكر خلاف ذلك. |
: المستخدمة بشكل متكرر ASTM تصنيفات
Material | Pipes | Fittings | Flanges | Valves | Bolts & Nuts |
Carbon Steel | A106 Gr A | A234 Gr WPA | A105 | A216 Gr WCB | A193 Gr B7 A194 Gr 2H |
A106 Gr B | A234 Gr WPB | A105 | A216 Gr WCB | ||
A106 Gr C | A234 Gr WPC | A105 | A216 Gr WCB | ||
Steel Alloy High-Temp |
A335 Gr P1 | A234 Gr WP1 | A182 Gr F1 | A217 Gr WC1 | A193 Gr B7 A194 Gr 2H |
A335 Gr P11 | A234 Gr WP11 | A182 Gr F11 | A217 Gr WC6 | ||
A335 Gr P12 | A234 Gr WP12 | A182 Gr F12 | A217 Gr WC6 | ||
A335 Gr P22 | A234 Gr WP22 | A182 Gr F22 | A217 Gr WC9 | ||
A335 Gr P5 | A234 Gr WP5 | A182 Gr F5 | A217 Gr C5 | ||
A335 Gr P9 | A234 Gr WP9 | A182 Gr F9 | A217 Gr C12 | ||
Steel Alloy Low-Temp |
A333 Gr 6 | A420 Gr WPL6 | A350 Gr LF2 | A352 Gr LCB | A320 Gr L7 A194 Gr 7 |
A333 Gr 3 | A420 Gr WPL3 | A350 Gr LF3 | A352 Gr LC3 | ||
Austenitic Stainless Steel |
A312 Gr TP304 | A403 Gr WP304 | A182 Gr F304 | A182 Gr F304 | A193 Gr B8 A194 Gr 8 |
A312 Gr TP316 | A403 Gr WP316 | A182 Gr F316 | A182 Gr F316 | ||
A312 Gr TP321 | A403 Gr WP321 | A182 Gr F321 | A182 Gr F321 | ||
A312 Gr TP347 | A403 Gr WP347 | A182 Gr F347 | A182 Gr F347 |
ASTM مواد الستندر
الأنابيب
- A106 = This specification covers carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service.
- A335 = This specification covers seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service.
- A333 = This specification covers wall seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe intended for use at low temperatures.
- A312 = Standard specification for seamless, straight-seam welded, and cold worked welded austenitic stainless steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive service.
- A234 = This specification covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction.
- A420 = Standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for low-temperature service.
- A403 = Standard specification for wrought austenitic stainless steel piping fittings.
- A105 = This specification covers standards for forged carbon steel piping components, that is, flanges, fittings, Valves, and similar parts, for use in pressure systems at ambient and higher-temperature service conditions.
- A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, and Valves and parts for high-temperature service.
- A350 = This specification covers several grades of carbon and low alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and Valves for low-temperature service.
الصمامات
- A216 = This specification covers carbon steel castings for Valves, flanges, fittings, or other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service and of quality suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought-steel parts by fusion welding.
- A217 = This specification covers steel castings, martensitic stainless steel and alloys steel castings for Valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature and corrosive service.
- A352 = This specification covers steel castings for Valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service.
- A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, and Valves and parts for high-temperature service.
الصواميل & البراغي
- A193 = This specification covers alloy and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, Valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications.
- A320 = Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service.
- A194 = Standard specification for nuts in many different material types.